What are some facts from the Vedas that have been proven by science?

There are dozens of answers on this page, claiming that Vedas foretold everything from the ozone layer and evolution to nuclear energy and time dilation. Unfortunately, almost every single claim in them is false. You will not find any facts from the Vedas that have been proven by science, simply because Vedas are not science books.

Please note that I am not saying that there is no science in ancient India at all.[1] On the contrary, ancient Indian mathematicians and scientists were at the forefront of their fields for those times. However, it is not in Vedas that you will find their major contributions. Books like Vedas and Mahabharata contain devotional hymns, literature, mythology and all that — not science. Also, the golden age of Indian science came much after the Vedic times. It is those books from those eras that you have to read!

Instead, what happens is that people take some devotional and mythological verses from Vedas or Mahabharata or some book like that and stretch their meaning till they are vague enough to claim to correspond to some modern scientific concept. Of course, if you read the whole hymn and not a couple of cherry picked verses, it is clear from context that none of that meaning is implied! I have seen Muslims do the same thing with Quran[2] and Christians with the Bible, and all of that is it utterly ridiculous. Why aren't you happy with the real science and technology in ancient India and want to find modern physics there instead? Isn't it natural that millennia have passed and scientists have pushed our sphere of knowledge far beyond those days?

Let us now look at a few specific claims in the answers.

1.Rig Veda 10.22.14 is about the earth moving around the sun

Here is the actual verse:[3]

अहस्ता यदपदी वर्धत कषाः शचीभिर्वेद्यानाम |
शुष्णं परि परदक्षिणिद विश्वायवे नि शिश्नथः ||

I have checked multiple translations of the verse.

One:[4]

10.22.14: Even though the earth has neither hands nor legs, it flourished because of the energies of the gods (knowers).

Then for the sake of Vishvayu (a devotee), you destroyed, the demon Shushna by going round the earth.

Another:[5]

14. That Earth, through power of knowing things that may be known, handless and footless yet might thrive,

Thou slewest, turning to the right, gu;na for every living man.

There is quite a bit of variation between translations. But a couple things seem to be agreed on: One, it is not earth which is going around but Indra, whom the hymn is addressed to, going around the earth. Two, there is no mention of sun anywhere. In fact, the entire hymn is devoted to Indra and there is no sun at all!

How exactly is this verse talking about the earth revolving around the sun again?

2. Rig Veda 10.149.1 is about the planets revolving around the sun due to attraction

Let us look at the verse[6]

सविता यन्त्रैः पर्थिवीमरम्णादस्कम्भने सविता दयामद्रंहत |
अश्वमिवाधुक्षद धुनिमन्तरिक्षमतूर्तेबद्धं सविता समुद्रम ||

And the translations:[7][8]

10.149.1: Savitr has fixed the Earth with regulators . He has
made Heaven firm in a place without supports.

Unassailable Savitr milks the ocean of the firmly-bound midworld which is impetuous like a horse.

Or

1. SAVITAR fixed the earth with bands to bind it, and made heaven stedfast where no prop supported.

Savitar milked, as 'twere a restless courser, air, sea bound fast to what no foot had trodden.

Once again, do you see anything like what is claimed? Where are the planets and the attraction?

3. The Lonar crater is an evidence of a nuclear blast in ancient India

It is enough to read the wiki article[9] to see the elaborate evidences for the lake being an impact crater. Research has been going on this field for decades.[10] I don't think any scientist holds a nuclear origin of the lake as even a fringe theory. This and the Jodhpur radioactive zone are conspiracy theories which have been debunked for long.[11]

4. Rig Veda 10.85.9 is about moon reflecting sunlight

Turns out the hymn is about an actual marriage of celestial deities[12][13][14]

सोमो वधूयुरभवदश्विनास्तामुभा वरा |
सूर्यांयत पत्ये शंसन्तीं मनसा सविताददात ||

10.85.9: Soma was the maiden’s wooer, the two Ashvins the
groom s best men,

when Savitr gave away, Surya (his
daughter) to the husband she admired by her mind.

9. Soma was he who wooed the maid: the groomsmen were both Asvins, when

The Sun-God Savitar bestowed his willing Surya on her Lord.

It is pretty clear from the context (read whole hymn please) that it has none of what is claimed. There is no mention of sunrays in particular!

5. Rig Veda 2.14.3 is about the ozone layer

Ah let's do this[15][16][17]

अध्वर्यवो यो दर्भीकं जघान यो गा उदाजदप हि वलं वः |
तस्मा एतमन्तरिक्षे न वातमिन्द्रं सोमैरोर्णुत जूर्न वस्त्रैः ||

2.14.3 Indra killed (the demon) Drblka and destroyed Vala,
made the Ray-cows (hidden by Vala) to ascend to heaven.

O priests, cover this Indra completely with Soma,
just as the winds cover the midworld (with waters)

3. Ye ministers, to him who smote Drhhikas who drove the kine forth, and discovered Vala,

Offer this draught, like Vita in the region: clothe him with Soma even as steeds with trappings.

How much of translation gymnastics is needed to turn that into the ozone layer?

Update:

6. Rig Veda 10.94 talks about black holes

Recently, an answer has been added to the page directly addressing me. The answer claims that Rig Veda 10.94 talks about black holes. To make this claim, it quotes selectively parts of the translation from Griffiths.[18]

What do I mean by selective translation?

Consider the first two verses given in the answer:

1. LET these speak loudly forth; let us speak out aloud to the loud speaking Pressing-stones address the speech;
2. They speak out like a hundred, like a thousand men: they cry aloud to us with their green-tinted mouths.

Meanwhile, the complete translation of the verses from Griffiths goes like this

1. LET these speak loudly forth; let us speak out aloud: to the loud speaking Pressing-stones address the speech;
When, rich with Soma juice, Stones of the mountain, ye, united, swift to Indra bring the sound of praise.
2 They speak out like a hundred, like a thousand men: they cry aloud to us with their green-tinted mouths,
While, pious Stones, they ply their task with piety, and, even before the Hotar, taste the offered food.

Notice how the second parts of the verses make the context very clear. These are stones used to press the Soma juice for offerings. “Stones of the mountain” could not be black holes now, could they?

If you feel that I am taking things out of context, here are a few other translations for comparison. H H WIlson says this about the introduction to the hymn:[19]